An Introduction to Statistics – Data Types, Distributions and Summarizing Data

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

An introduction to the theories of bulk data types

This note summarises my understanding to date of two closely-related theories for dealing with “bulk” data types: the Bird-Meertens formalism (henceforth abbreviated to BMF) and its extension in categorical data types (CDT). I've been led to this study for two reasons: as interesting formalisms for program derivation in their own right, and as a possible basis for defining useful operations for...

An Introduction to Graph Data

Graph mining and management has become an important topic of research recently because of numerous applications to a wide variety of data mining problems in computational biology, chemical data analysis, drug discovery and communication networking. Traditional data mining and management algorithms such as clustering, classification, frequent pattern mining and indexing have now been extended to...

An Introduction to Data Streams

In recent years, advances in hardware technology have facilitated new ways of collecting data continuously. In many applications such as network monitoring, the volume of such data is so large that it may be impossible to store the data on disk. Furthermore, even when the data can be stored, the volume of the incoming data may be so large that it may be impossible to process any particular reco...